On Earth, about 80% of the population is infected with human papillomavirus.Since not only harmless papillomas can occur due to HPV infection on the body, but also warts, as well as outgrowths that can be malignant, it is very important to know how HPV is transmitted.Perhaps this knowledge will help someone avoid infection and protect themselves from such dangerous diseases as cervical cancer, vulva, vagina, analysis, penis and even mammary glands.In the article we will talk about HPV: how to transmit, risk factors and preventive measures.
How is the human papillomavirus transmitted?
For starters, it is worth saying that the papilloma is transmitted through the epidermis and saliva.At the same time, for some time, the infection may not feel and manifest itself by the formation of the casts and papilloma only by reducing immunity.
If we are talking about how the papilloma virus is transmitted, then the likelihood of infection in the presence of damage, scratches and abrasions on the skin increases significantly.
Warning!Many people are interested in whether papilloma is inherited.Answer, no.Just when one of the family members is contagious, the papilloma virus is transmitted to everyday life or by the mother to a baby at birth.
The following ways to transmit a viral infection from people to person are known:
- It is transmitted in the home way, that is, by touch, common household items, clothes.The transmission of infection can occur by kissing.
- If a person has genital papillomas, the show can have sexual, that is, during unprotected sex.
- Self -shave extension, hair removal and other skin injuries may be possible.Because the papilloma is infected for the surrounding healthy skin cells, the person himself can transfer the body from patients with the body to healthy ones.
- A vertical way of infection is to transfer infection from mother to child during childbirth.
- Much more infection occurs during the transfusion of donor blood, during the rapid removal of neoplasms caused by HPV.The infection is also not excluded in beauty salons, manicure rooms, bathrooms, saunas and pools where aseptic rules are overlooked.
If we talk about how you can get infected with the papilloma, then in 70 % of cases of sexual infection the culprit is a man.In the presence of epithelial neoplasm on the lips or genitals, the likelihood of infection is almost 90%.It is also worth bearing in mind that the presence of a condom, although it reduces the risk of infection, does not yet guarantee 100 percent protection, as HPV can penetrate the microtrauma on the skin of the hands and other parts of the body.In addition, the warts can be located in the groin or in the pubic part, where the condom will not prevent direct contact with the partner.
Important!If one of the partners is the carrier of the virus but has no papillomas, warts or warts, the risk of infection of the second partner is significantly reduced.
If you list all the methods, how to get infected with a newborn papillomavirus, then the infection in the intrauterine period is unlikely, since the virus does not penetrate the blood and the fetus is reliably protected from amniotic fluids, balloon and placenta.However, rare cases of intrauterine infection were reported in medical practice in case of placental damage and fetal bladder.
It is very important for women who plan a pregnancy to know whether the child's father is contrast and whether he or she can transmit the infection to the expectant mother, as the genital warts that have occurred during pregnancy are very dangerous to the child.In the case of infection of the baby at birth, there is a threat of laryngeal papillomatosis and subsequent suffocation.As the infection is transmitted by saliva, it is important to take into account the presence of a person in papillomas, casts and warts in the mouth and on the mucous membranes of the oral cavity, as an infection of a woman with lips may occur.
If one of the family members has a papilloma, as it is transmitted in everyday life, it is important that all households know:
- Through common mats, towels, soap, cosmetics, towel and other personal belongings, the virus can penetrate the microtraum on the skin;
- Saliva infection is possible using a toothbrush, glasses or other dishes;
- Infection through clothing and other household items is also possible.
Risk factors
We have understood how to become infected with the human papillomavirus, but it is no less important to know not only the ways to transmit infection, but also the risk factors for papillomavirus infection.
So, human papillomavirus will be much easier to penetrate the skin and mucous membranes against the background of the following provocative factors:
- In men, children and women, the infection is most likely against the background of reduced immunity.This can be facilitated by a common cold or angina.
- The risk of HPV infection is increased by impaired bowel or vagina microflora.In the first case, general immunity suffers, in the second case, local body defenses are reduced and the likelihood of infection increases.
- The sexual pathways of the infection are often the cause of infection in the background of other sexually transmitted diseases (syphilis, gonorrhea, trichomonosis).
- All transmission methods can be potentially dangerous for a person against the background of exacerbation of chronic illness when the body is weakened by the disease.
- There is no doubt whether the papilloma is contagious.The virus can easily penetrate the carrier inside the cage of a healthy person if his protection is weakened by stress, disintegration of force, fatigue or depression.
Important!All viruses are easier for men and women who have bad habits (smoking, alcohol).The risk of infection in women who take combined contraceptives also increases significantly.
The predisposing factors for sexual transmission of the virus are the following conditions and diseases:
- Previously the onset of sexual activity;
- prostitution;
- frequent change of sexual partners;
- unreadable sex life;
- History of sexually transmitted diseases;
- age older than 35 years;
- pathology of the cervix;
- Immunodeficiency conditions.
Prevention
We have understood how the human papillomavirus (women, men and children) is transmitted, and now we have to look at the preventive measures.It is worth saying immediately that the most effective way not to become infected is a preventive vaccination.To date, two types of vaccines from this infection are known.They protect against the most dangerous strains for cancer viral infection.However, the high effectiveness of such protection is observed only during vaccination at an early age before you enter into a sex life or until one of the HPV strains is infected.
As for other methods of prevention, the rules of hygiene, the use of a condom, a selective sex life and the rejection of bad habits have not been canceled.It is useful to maintain the immune system's fortress: to eat, to harden, to exercise, to walk in the fresh air, to periodically drink vitamins.